Pope clement viii biography template

He did not even spare the youthful patricide Beatrice Cenci, pope clement viii biography template whom so many tears have been shed. Bertolotti, Francesco Cenci e la sua famiglia, Florence On February 17,the apostate Giordano Bruno q. The jubilee of was a brilliant witness to the glories of the renovated papacy, three million pilgrims visiting the holy places.

In was held the Synod of Brest, in Lithuaniaby which a great part of the Ruthenian clergy and people were reunited to Rome Likowski, Union zu Brest, Although Clement, in spite of constant fasting, was tortured with gout in feet and hands, his capacity for work was unlimited, and his powerful intellect grasped all the needs of the Church throughout the world.

He entered personally into the minutest detail of every subject which came before him, e. Luis De Molina. He was present at all the sessions of the Congregatio de auxiliis q. He was a wise statesman, the general object of whose policy was to free the Papacy from its dependence upon Spain. In Novemberhe published the Clementine Vulgate. Inhe established the Congregatio de Auxiliis which was to settle the theological controversy between the Dominican Order and the Jesuits concerning the respective role of efficacious grace and free will.

Although the debate tended toward a condemnation of Molinism 's insistence on free will to the detriment of efficacious grace, the important influence of the Jesuit Order — among other considerations — which, beside important political and theological power in Europe, had also various missions abroad Misiones Jesuiticas in South America, missions in Chinaetc.

In and again in a decree prohibited any discussion of the matter, although it was often informally skirted by the publication of commentaries on Thomas Aquinas. During the jubilee ofthree million pilgrims visited the holy places. The Synod of Brest was held in the Polish—Lithuanian Commonwealthby which a great part of the Ruthenian clergy and people were reunited to Rome.

He beatified individuals, of them being group martyrs; notable individuals he named as Blessed included Carlo Borromeo. The pope created 53 cardinals in six consistories during his pontificate; he named his two nephews Pietro and Cinzio Passeri as cardinals. The most remarkable event of Clement VIII's reign was the reconciliation to the Church of Henry IV of France —after long negotiations, carried on with great dexterity through Cardinal Arnaud d'Ossatthat resolved the complicated situation in France.

Henry embraced Catholicism on 25 July Henry IV's friendship was of essential importance to the papacy two years later, when Alfonso II d'EsteDuke of Ferraradied childless 27 Octoberand the pope resolved to attach the stronghold of the Este family to the states of the Church. In Clement VIII won more credit for the papacy by bringing about a definite treaty of peace between Spain and France in the Peace of Vervins[ 6 ] which put an end to their long contest; he negotiated peace between France and the Duchy of Savoy as well.

These included most famously Troio Savelli, scion of a powerful ancient Roman family, and the youthful and noble Beatrice Cenciwho had murdered her father — probably as a consequence of his repeated abuses.

Pope clement viii biography template: This file is a

The latter case prompted many requests of clemency — rejected by the Pope, who passed the confiscated Cenci property to his own family. Clement's strict ways also concerned philosophical and religious matters. In he had the Italian miller Menocchio — who had formed the belief that God was not eternal but had Himself once been created out of chaos — tried by the Inquisition and burnt at the stake.

A more famous case was the trial for heresy of Giordano Brunowho was burned at the stake in Pope Clement VIII participated personally in the final phases of the trial, inviting the Cardinals in charge of the case to proceed with the verdict.

Pope clement viii biography template: Clement VIII was the pope

Inthe papal bull Cum saepe accidere forbade the Jewish community of the Comtat Venaissin of Avignona Papal enclave, to sell new goods, putting them at an economic disadvantage. The main effect of the bull was to evict Jews who had returned to areas of the Papal States mainly Umbria after following their expulsion in and to expel Jewish communities from cities like Bologna which had been incorporated under papal dominion since Clement VIII was afflicted by goutusing a wheelchair by the late s, and was forced to spend much of his later life immobilized in bed.

He suddenly became ill on 10 February and his condition rapidly deteriorated over the next few weeks. He died on 3 March around midnight, [ 17 ] leaving a reputation for prudence, munificence, ruthlessness and capacity for business. Clement was buried in St. Peter's Basilicaand later Pope Paul V —21 had a mausoleum built for him in the Borghese Chapel of Santa Maria Maggiorewhere his remains were transferred in His reign is especially distinguished by the number and beauty of his medals.

Pope clement viii biography template: Philip neri, Clement was

Clement VIII founded the Collegio Clementino for the education of the sons of the richer classes, and augmented the number of national colleges in Rome by opening the Collegio Scozzese for the training of missionaries to Scotland. According to the legend, there was opposition to coffee as "Satan's drink", [ 18 ] leading to the pope's advisors asking him to denounce the beverage.

However, upon tasting coffee, Pope Clement VIII declared: "Why, this Satan's drink is so delicious that it would be a pity to let the infidels have exclusive use of it. When Pope Innocent XI passed away, the cardinals held a conclave to elect the next pope. They spent nearly a month before selecting Ippolito. They believed that he would use his legal background to settle disputes and help the Church.

That war battled for years and became known as The Long War. Ippolito Aldobrandini was born on February 24,in Fano, near Florence. After pursuing a legal education, he was appointed a cardinal in As papal legate to Poland, he advocated for the Habsburg candidacy after the death of Stephen Bathory. Despite his earlier condemnation of nepotism, he appointed four of his relatives as cardinals, including Pietro Aldobrandini, who wielded significant influence.