Mohammed daoud khan biography channel

Inhe signed one of two economic packages that aimed to greatly increase the capability of the Afghan military. At this time, there were increasing concerns that Afghanistan lacked a modern army comparable to the militaries of Iran and Pakistan. Inhis government nationalized all banks in Afghanistan, including Da Afghanistan BankAfghanistan's central bank.

Khan wanted to lessen the country's dependence on the Soviet Union and attempted to promote a new foreign policy. In he visited some countries in the Middle East, including EgyptTurkey, Saudi Arabia, and Iran, all of which were anti-Soviet states, [ 31 ] to ask for aid, [ 32 ] He also visited India. These moves alerted the Soviets. Inhe established his own political party, the National Revolutionary Partywhich became the focus of all political activity.

In Januarya loya jirga approved a new constitution. It wrote in several new articles and amended others - one of these was the creation of a presidential one-party system of government. He also began to moderate his socialist policies, although the constitution had a nationalist bend in addition to previous socialism and Islam. Internally he attempted to mohammed daoud khan biography channel himself from the communist elements within the coup.

He was concerned about the tenor of many communists in his government and Afghanistan's growing dependency on the Soviet Union. These moves were highly criticized by Moscowwhich feared that Afghanistan would soon become closer to the West, especially the United States ; the Soviets had always feared that the United States could find a way to influence the government in Kabul.

During his latter years in charge, his purge of communists in his government strained his relations with them, while his desire for one person rule created conflicts with the liberals who had been in charge during the monarchy. At the same time, his persecution of religious conservatives engendered enmity with them and their followers as well.

As during his time as prime minister, Daoud Khan again pressed on the question of Pashtunistanagain leading to sometimes tense relations with Pakistan. Khan's government and forces also commenced training of anti-Pakistani groups to conduct militant action and sabotage in Pakistan. As a result, Afghanistan's already strained relationship with Pakistan further dipped and Pakistan likewise started similar kinds of cross-border interference.

Since coming to power, under pressure from the PDPA and to increase domestic Pashtun support, Khan took a stronger line on the Pashtunistan issue and promoted a proxy war in Pakistan. Trade and transit agreements with Pakistan were subsequently severely affected. The year was a watershed in Afghan-Pakistan relations. At the same time, Afghanistan also faced several short lived uprisings in retaliation in eastern Afghanistan and in Panjshir valleywhich Afghanistan blamed on Pakistan.

There was also deployment of additional troops by both the countries along the Afghanistan-Pakistan border. The same year Kabul was also quietly negotiating with Islamabad to defuse the tensions between the two countries. Daoud Khan was also worried about the growing power of communists within his government so he started improving his relations with Pakistan and Iran.

This gesture by Pakistan had helped mollify Afghan public opinion about Pakistan. By Octoberthe head of Pakistan intelligence agency, Jilani was informing a US diplomat that Afghanistan was no longer creating troubles for Pakistan. Khan met Leonid Brezhnev on a state visit to Moscow from 12 to 15 April He had asked for a private meeting with the Soviet leader to discuss with him the increased pattern of Soviet actions in Afghanistan.

In particular, he discussed the intensified Soviet attempt to unite the two factions of the Afghan communist parties, Parcham and Khalq. Daoud bluntly replied:. How and where we employ the foreign experts will remain the exclusive prerogative of the Afghan state. Afghanistan shall remain poor, if necessary, but free in its acts and decisions" [ 40 ] [ 41 ].

Particularly, in his last meeting with [Soviet leader] Leonid Brezhnev, he proved his bravery and patriotism. But KGB deceptions and the games that they played could have benefited from Daoud Khan's influence in the armed forces. After returning to Afghanistan, he made plans that his government would downscale its relationship with the Soviet Union, and instead forge closer contacts with the West as well as the oil-rich Saudi Arabia and Iran.

Afghanistan signed a co-operative military treaty with Egypt and bythe Afghan military and police force were being trained by Egyptian Armed Forces. This angered the Soviet Union because Egypt took the same route in in distancing itself from the Soviet Union. After the murder of Mir Akbar Khyberthe prominent Parchamite ideologue, his funeral on 19 April served as a rallying point for the Afghan communists.

Shocked by this demonstration of communist unity, Khan ordered the arrest of the PDPA leaders, but he acted too slowly. Khan had misjudged the situation and believed that Karmal's Parcham faction was the main communist threat. In fact, according to PDPA documents, Amin's Khalq faction had extensively infiltrated the military and they outnumbered Parcham cells by a factor of 2 to 3.

Amin sent complete orders for the coup from his home while it was under armed guard, using his family members as messengers.

Mohammed daoud khan biography channel: When King Mohammed Zahir Shah

The army had been put on alert on 26 April because of a presumed coup. The coup climaxed in the Argthe former chief royal palace, during the early hours of 28 April[ 44 ] involving heavy fighting and many deaths. On 28 Junehis body and those of his family were found in two separate mass graves outside the walls of Pul-e-Charkhi prisonDistrict 12 of Kabul city.

Initial reports indicate that sixteen corpses were in one grave and twelve in the other. On 17 MarchGeneral Daoud was given a state funeral. Daoud and following family members that were killed resembling the Murder of the Romanov family by the Bolsheviks on the same day on 28 April are buried at an incomplete hilltop tomb located 2. News sources in the s claimed that General Daoud Khan said he was happiest when he could "light his American cigarettes with Soviet matches.

Mohammad Daoud Khan was retrospectively described as an "old-fashioned statesman, compassionate yet reserved and authoritarian" by The Guardian ' s Nushin Arbabzadeh. During his time as prime minister and president, Khan was highly unpopular among the non-Pashtun minorities in Afghanistan because of his alleged Pashtun favouritism. His attempt at the Pashtunisation of Afghanistan reached such an mohammed daoud khan biography channel that the word 'Afghan' started being used to refer only to Pashtuns and not to the other minority groups who collectively formed a majority in Afghanistan.

InAfghan Uzbeks were barred from becoming high-ranking officers in the Afghan armed forces. Similarly only a few Tajiks were allowed to hold the position of officer in the Afghan army, while other ethnicities were excluded from those positions. Daoud Khan viewed the Afghan armed forces as a crucial vector in the Pashtunisation of Afghan state.

The couple had four sons and four daughters:. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Having failed to persuade the King to implement a one-party system, Khan overthrew the monarchy with the backing of Afghan Army officers, and proclaimed himself the first President of the Republic of Afghanistan.

Khan was known for his autocratic rule, and for his educational and progressive social reforms. Under his regime, he headed a purge of communists in the government, and many of his policies also displeased religious conservatives and liberals who were in favor of restituting the multiparty system that existed under the monarchy. Ocherk istorii.

Moscow, ; tr. Fry, The Afghan Economy. Baskakov tempt A History of AfghanistanMoscow, Banuazizi and Group. As well as having been prime minister, Daoud had also held the portfolios of Minister of Defence and Minister of Planning until On July 17,Daoud seized power from his cousin and brother-in-law King Zahir in a bloodless coup. Departing from tradition, and for the first time in Afghan history, Daoud did not proclaim himself Shahestablishing instead a republic with himself as President.

InDaoud signed one of two economic packages that would enable Afghanistan to have a far more capable military because of increasing fears of lacking an up-to-date modern army when compared to the militaries of Iran and Pakistan.

Mohammed daoud khan biography channel: Mohammad Daoud Khan was an Afghan

For every night for two years [ dubious — discuss ] Kabul International and Baghram Air Base received a great flow of Soviet advanced weapons to rapidly increase modernization of a Soviet-trained military. A new constitution backed by a Loya Jirga was promulgated in Februarybut failed to satisfy all political factions. Internally, Daoud attempted to distance himself from the communist elements within the coup.

These moves were highly criticized by Moscowwhich feared that Afghanistan would soon become closer to the West, especially the United States ; the Soviets had always feared that the United States could find a way to influence the government in Kabul. A coup against Daud, which may have been planned before he took power, was repressed shortly after his seizure of power.

In OctoberMohammad Hashim Maiwandwala former prime minister and a highly respected former diplomat, died in prison at a time when Parchamis controlled the Ministry of Interior under circumstances corroborating the widespread belief that he had been tortured to death. One of the Army generals arrested under suspicion of this plot with Maiwandwal was Mohammed Asif Safiwho was later released and Daoud Khan personally apologized to him for the arrest.

Surprisingly, he did not renew the Pashtunistan agitation; relations with Pakistan improved thanks to interventions from the US and Iran.

Mohammed daoud khan biography channel: Mohammad Daud Khan was

The following year, he established his own political party, the National Revolutionary Partywhich became the focus of all political activity. In Januarya loya jirga approved the constitution establishing a presidential, one-party system of government. He had asked for a private meeting with the Soviet Premier, to discuss with him the increased pattern of Soviet actions in Afghanistan.

In particular the intensified Soviet attempt to unite the two factions of the Afghan communist parties, Parcham and Khalq. In President Daoud made plans that the Government in Kabul would no longer have any personal relationships with the Soviet Union and try to make Afghanistan closer to the West, especially with other oil rich Middle-East nations.