Louis armstrong biography wikipedia indonesia

Ia jarang memolitikkan rasnya sehingga sering mengecewakan sesama Afrika-Amerika. Namun ia bersikap tegas mengenai desegregasi dalam kasus Krisis Little Rock. Keahlian sebagai seniman dan kepribadiannya membuat Louis Armstrong diterima secara sosial di kalangan atas masyarakat Amerika yang waktu itu sangat jarang dimasuki pria kulit hitam. Penghargaan ini diberikan berdasarkan pemungutan suara untuk artis yang sepanjang hidupnya telah memberikan kontribusi artistik luar biasa dalam bidang rekaman.

Rekaman-rekaman Armstrong mendapat Grammy Hall of Famepenghargaan Grammy istimewa yang mulai diberikan pada tahun untuk menghormati rekaman berusia lebih dari dua puluh lima tahun, dan memiliki "nilai penting secara kualitatif dan historis". Daftar isi pindah ke bilah sisi sembunyikan. Halaman Pembicaraan. Bahasa Indonesia. Baca Sunting Sunting sumber Lihat riwayat.

Perkakas Perkakas. Dalam proyek lain. Wikimedia Commons Butir di Wikidata. Louis Armstrong. Penghargaan [ sunting sunting sumber ]. Grammy Award [ sunting sunting sumber ]. InArmstrong finally divorced Hardin and married Smith, whom he had been dating for more than a decade. Their marriage was not a happy one, however, and they divorced in That same year, Armstrong married for the fourth and final time.

He wed Lucille Wilson, a Cotton Club dancer. They remained married until his death in Because he and his wife Lucille had actively tried for years to no avail, many believe him to be incapable of having children. Preston gave birth to a daughter, Sharon Preston, in The letters, dated as far back asprove that Armstrong had always believed Sharon to be his daughter and that he even paid for her education and home, among several other things, throughout his life.

Murrow followed Armstrong with a camera crew on some of his worldwide excursions, turning the resulting footage into a theatrical documentary, Satchmo the Greatreleased in Although his popularity was hitting new highs in the s, and despite breaking down so many barriers for his race, making him a hero in the Black community, Armstrong began to lose standing with two segments of his audience: modern jazz fans and young African Americans.

Bebop, a new form of jazz, had blossomed in the s. Featuring young geniuses such as Dizzy GillespieCharlie Parkerand Miles Davisthe younger generation of musicians saw themselves as artists, not as entertainers. Armstrong fought back, but for many young jazz fans, he was regarded as an out-of-date performer with his best days behind him. The Civil Rights Movement was growing stronger with each passing year, with more protests, marches, and speeches from Black Americans wanting equal rights.

When Armstrong saw this, as well as white protesters hurling invective at the students, he blew his top to the press, telling a reporter that President Dwight D. His words made front-page news around the world. Although he had finally spoken out after years of remaining publicly silent, he received criticism at the time from both Black and white public figures.

After taking a few weeks off to recover, he was back on the road, performing nights a year into the s. The chart-topper even dethroned The Beatles at the height of Beatlemania. This newfound popularity introduced Armstrong to a new, younger audience, and he continued making both successful records and concert appearances for the rest of the decade, even cracking the Iron Curtain with a tour of Communist countries such as East Berlin and Czechoslovakia in Heart and kidney problems forced him to stop performing in That same year, his longtime manager, Joe Glaser, died.

Armstrong spent louis armstrong biography wikipedia indonesia of that year at home but managed to continue practicing the trumpet daily. Armstrong restarted his public performances by the summer of After a successful engagement in Las Vegas, Armstrong began taking engagements around the world once more, including in London; Washington, D. Borrowing his stepfather's gun without permission, Armstrong fired a blank into the air and was arrested on December 31, Mattresses were absent, and meals were often little more than bread and molasses.

Captain Joseph Jones ran the home like a military camp and used corporal punishment. Armstrong developed his cornet skills by playing in the band. Peter Daviswho frequently appeared at the home at the request of Captain Jones, [ 27 ] became Armstrong's first teacher and chose him as the bandleader. With this band, the year-old Armstrong attracted the attention of Kid Ory.

On June 14,Armstrong was released into the custody of his father and his new stepmother, Gertrude. Armstrong lived in this household with two stepbrothers for several months. After Gertrude gave birth to a daughter, Armstrong's father never welcomed him, so Armstrong returned to his mother, Mary Albert. Armstrong had to share a bed in her small home with his mother and sister.

Louis armstrong biography wikipedia indonesia: Armstrong was born and raised

His mother still lived in The Battlefield, leaving Armstrong open to old temptations, but he sought work as a musician. Armstrong found a job at a dance hall owned by Henry Ponce, who had connections to organized crime. He met the six-foot tall drummer Black Bennywho became Armstrong's guide and bodyguard. However, that relationship failed after she stabbed Armstrong in the shoulder, and his mother choked her nearly to death.

Armstrong briefly studied shipping management at the local community college but was forced to quit after being unable to afford the fees. Armstrong listened to the early sounds of jazz from bands that played in brothels and dance halls, such as Pete Lala's, where King Oliver performed. Early in his career, Armstrong played in brass bands and riverboats in New Orleans, in the late s.

He traveled with the band of Fate Marablewhich toured on the steamboat Sidney with the Streckfus Steamers line up and down the Mississippi River. Armstrong described his time with Marable as "going to the University" since it gave him a wider experience working with written arrangements. InArmstrong's mentor, King Oliverdecided to go north and resigned his position in Kid Ory's band; Armstrong replaced him.

Louis armstrong biography wikipedia indonesia: Louis Armstrong (August 4,

Armstrong also became the second trumpet for the Tuxedo Brass Band. Throughout his riverboat experience, Armstrong's musicianship began to mature and expand. At age 20, he could read music. Armstrong became one of the first jazz musicians to be featured on extended trumpet solos, injecting his own personality and style. Armstrong also started singing in his performances.

InArmstrong moved to Chicago at the invitation of King Oliver, [ 36 ] although Armstrong would return to New Orleans periodically for the rest of his life. Although race relations were poor, Chicago was booming. The city had jobs for blacks, who made good wages at factories, with some left for entertainment. Oliver's band was among Chicago's most influential jazz bands in the early s.

Armstrong lived luxuriously in his apartment with his first private bath. Excited to be in Chicago, Armstrong began his career-long pastime of writing letters to friends in New Orleans. Armstrong could blow high Cs in a row. As his reputation grew, Armstrong was challenged to cutting contests by other musicians. Armstrong's first studio recordings were with Oliver for Gennett Records on April 5—6, They endured several hours on the train to remote Richmond, Indianaand the band was paid little.

Louis armstrong biography wikipedia indonesia: Louis Daniel Armstrong (4 tháng

The quality of the performances was affected by a lack of rehearsal, crude recording equipment, bad acoustics, and a cramped studio. These early recordings were true acousticthe band playing directly into a large funnel connected directly to the needle making the groove in the master recording. The much improved Electrical recording system with a better dynamic range was not invented until Initially, because Armstrong's playing was so loud, Oliver could not be heard on the recording when he played next to Oliver.

Armstrong had to stand 15 feet from Oliver in a far corner of the room to remedy this. Lil Hardinwhom Armstrong would marry inurged Armstrong to seek more prominent billing and develop his louis armstrong biography wikipedia indonesia apart from the influence of Oliver. At her suggestion, Armstrong began playing classical music in church concerts to broaden his skills and dressing more stylishly to offset his girth.

Her influence eventually undermined Armstrong's relationship with his mentor, especially concerning his salary and additional money that Oliver held back from Armstrong and other band members. Armstrong and Oliver parted amicably in He switched to the trumpet to blend in better with the other musicians in his section. Armstrong's influence on Henderson's tenor sax soloist, Coleman Hawkinscan be judged by listening to the records made by the band during this period.

Armstrong adapted to Henderson's tightly controlled style, playing the trumpet and experimenting with the trombone. The other members were affected by Armstrong's emotional style. His act included singing and telling tales of New Orleans characters, especially preachers. Duke Ellington's orchestra went to Roseland to catch Armstrong's performances.

InArmstrong returned to Chicago largely at the insistence of Lil, who wanted to expand his career and income. The word "muggles" was a slang term for marijuanasomething Armstrong often used during his life. Cyr banjoLil Armstrong on piano, and usually no drummer. Over a month period starting in Novemberthis quintet produced twenty-four records.

Cyr noted: "One felt so relaxed working with him, and he was very broad-minded Young trumpet players across the country bought these recordings and memorized his solos. Armstrong was now free to develop his style as he wished, which included a heavy dose of effervescent jive, such as "Whip That Thing, Miss Lil" and "Mr. They furnished music for silent movies and live shows, including jazz versions of classical music, such as " Madame Butterfly ", which gave Armstrong experience with longer forms of music and with hosting before a large audience.

He began scat singing improvised vocal jazz using nonsensical words and was among the first to record it on the Hot Five recording " Heebie Jeebies " in The recording was so popular that the group became the most famous jazz band in the United States, even though they had seldom performed live. Young musicians across the country, black or white, were turned on by Armstrong's new type of jazz.

Hines and Armstrong became fast friends and successful collaborators. During Hall's tenure at the venue, she experimented, developed, and expanded her scat singing with Armstrong's guidance and encouragement. In the first half ofArmstrong assembled his Hot Seven group, which added drummer Al "Baby" Dodds and tuba player Pete Briggs while preserving most of his original Hot Five lineup.

John Thomas replaced Kid Ory on the trombone. Later that year, Armstrong organized a series of new Hot Five sessions, which resulted in nine more records. Armstrong made a huge impact during the s Harlem Renaissance. Hughes admired Armstrong and acknowledged him as one of the most recognized musicians of the era. Just like the musicians, Hughes wrote his words with jazz.

Armstrong changed jazz during the Harlem Renaissance. As "The World's Greatest Trumpet Player" during this time, [ 60 ] Armstrong cemented his legacy and continued a focus on his vocal career. His popularity brought together many black and white audiences. Armstrong returned to New York inwhere he played in the pit orchestra for the musical Hot Chocolatesan all-black revue written by Andy Razaf and pianist Fats Waller.

Armstrong made a cameo appearance as a vocalist, regularly stealing the show with his rendition of " Ain't Misbehavin'. Armstrong started to work at Connie's Inn in Harlem, chief rival to the Cotton Cluba venue for elaborately staged floor shows, [ 63 ] and a front for gangster Dutch Schultz. Armstrong had considerable success with vocal recordings, including versions of songs composed by his old friend Hoagy Carmichael.

His s recordings took full advantage of the RCA ribbon microphoneintroduced inwhich imparted warmth to vocals and became an intrinsic part of the " crooning " sound of artists like Bing Crosby.

Louis armstrong biography wikipedia indonesia: Armstrong is also known

Armstrong's interpretation of Carmichael's " Stardust " became one of the most successful versions of this song ever recorded, showcasing Armstrong's unique vocal sound and style and his innovative approach to singing songs that were already standards. Armstrong's radical re-working of Sidney Arodin and Carmichael's " Lazy River ", recorded inencapsulated his groundbreaking approach to melody and phrasing.

The song begins with a brief trumpet solo. Then, the main melody is introduced by sobbing horns, memorably punctuated by Armstrong's growling interjections at the end of each bar: "Yeah! In the second stanza, he breaks into an almost entirely improvised melody, which then evolves into a classic passage of Armstrong's scat singing. As with his trumpet playing, Armstrong's vocal innovations served as a foundation for jazz vocal interpretation.

The uniquely gravelly coloration of his voice became an archetype that was endlessly imitated. Armstrong's scat singing was enriched by his matchless experience as a trumpet soloist. His resonant, velvety lower-register tone and bubbling cadences on sides such as "Lazy River" greatly influenced younger white singers such as Bing Crosby. The Great Depression of the early s was especially hard on the jazz scene.

After a long downward spiral, the Cotton Club closed inand many musicians stopped playing altogether as club dates evaporated. Bix Beiderbecke died, and Fletcher Henderson's band broke up. King Oliver made a few records but otherwise struggled. Armstrong moved to Los Angeles in to seek new opportunities. The band drew the Hollywood crowd, which could still afford a lavish nightlife, while radio broadcasts from the club connected with younger audiences at home.

Bing Crosby and many other celebrities were regulars at the club. InArmstrong appeared in his first movie, Ex-Flame. He was also convicted of marijuana possession but received a suspended sentence. Armstrong returned to Chicago in late and played in bands more in the Guy Lombardo vein, and he recorded more standards. When the mob insisted that he get out of town, [ 66 ] Armstrong visited New Orleans, had a hero's welcome, and saw old friends.

He sponsored a local baseball team called Armstrong's Secret Nine and had a cigar named after him. After a tour across the country shadowed by the mob, he fled to Europe. After returning to the United States, Armstrong undertook several exhausting tours. His louis armstrong biography wikipedia indonesia, Johnny Collins's erratic behavior and his own spending ways left Armstrong short of cash.

Breach of contract violations plagued him. Armstrong hired Joe Glaser as his new manager, a tough mob-connected wheeler-dealer who began straightening out his legal mess, mob troubles, and debts. Armstrong also began to experience problems with his fingers and lips, aggravated by his unorthodox playing style. As a result, Armstrong branched out, developing his vocal style and making his first theatrical appearances.

Armstrong appeared in movies again, including Crosby's hit Pennies from Heaven. After spending many years on the road, Armstrong settled permanently in Queens, New York, in with his fourth wife, Lucille. Although subject to the vicissitudes of Tin Pan Alley and the gangster-ridden music business, as well as anti-black prejudice, Armstrong continued to develop his playing.

Bookings for big bands tapered off during the s due to changes in public tastes. Ballrooms closed, and competition from other types of music, especially pop vocals, became more popular than big band music. Under such circumstances, it became impossible to finance a piece touring band. A widespread revival of interest in the s in the traditional jazz of the s made it possible for Armstrong to consider a return to the small-group musical style of his youth.

Armstrong's manager, Joe Glaser, changed the Armstrong big band on August 13,into a six-piece traditional jazz group featuring Armstrong with initially Teagarden, Earl Hines and other top swing and Dixieland musicians, most of whom were previously leaders of big bands. The new group was announced at the opening of Billy Berg's Supper Club.

Armstrong was present and loved the song. When it was released, the disc was a worldwide success, and the song was then performed by the greatest international singers. Armstrong was the first jazz musician to appear on the cover of Time magazine on February 21, Over 30 years, Armstrong played more than performances a year, making many recordings and appearing in more than 30 films.

By the s, Armstrong was a widely beloved American icon and cultural ambassador who commanded an international fanbase. However, a growing generation gap became apparent between him and the young jazz musicians who emerged in the postwar era, such as Charlie ParkerMiles Davisand Sonny Rollins. The postwar generation regarded their music as abstract art and considered Armstrong's vaudevillian style, half-musician and half-stage entertainer, outmoded and Uncle Tomism.

Guys who invent terms like that are walking the streets with their instruments under their arms. After finishing his contract with Decca RecordsArmstrong went freelance and recorded for other labels. Inafter more than two years without setting foot in a studio, Armstrong recorded his biggest-selling record, " Hello, Dolly! Armstrong's version remained on the Hot for 22 weeks, longer than any other record produced that year, and went to No.

Armstrong's hit dislodged The Beatles from the No. Armstrong toured well into his 60s, even visiting part of the Communist Bloc in His travels included performances in EgyptGhana and Nigeria. ByArmstrong was approaching 70, and his health was failing. His heart and kidney ailments forced him to stop touring, though he continued to record, including " What a Wonderful World ", which topped the British charts for a month.

Armstrong did not perform publicly in and spent most of the year recuperating at home. Meanwhile, his longtime manager, Joe Glaser, died. By the summer ofArmstrong's doctors pronounced him fit enough to resume live performances. Armstrong embarked on another world tour, but a heart attack forced him to take a break for two months. Armstrong made his last recorded trumpet performances on his album Disney Songs the Satchmo Way.

Judging from home recorded tapes now in our Museum Collections, Louis pronounced his own name as "Lewis. Musicians and close friends usually called him "Pops". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal Diakses tanggal Pranala luar [ sunting sunting sumber ]. Kategori : Museum di Amerika Serikat.